Any link is okay so long as they aren’t selling something. I think it’s a worthwhile topic too.
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I’m looking… Unfortunately the popularity of vape cartiages and E-vapes is clogging my search…
And the harmful effects of high concentration of oils or black market cartiages that end up causing major harm /death.
Okay here we are, i actually have the full journal because im taking online university and my girls in nursing so we can access alot.
Most wont have this acess and i can not share but i will share highlights later
But vaperizing flower is currently the safest method of consumption and that’s why I own a volcano =)
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I bought an ‘Alternate’ by Vivant. It’s turned out to be a good travel unit and I should get it out and start using it. It’s very portable and I like the terpene profile that comes through although my wife says it has a ‘plasticky’ note.
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Here you go for everyone who doesn’t have access to medical journals.
Buy a Volcano or a Mighty/Craft and smoke Safe
In a series of studies the vaporizing of cannabis samples was systematically tested to show its advantage over smoking. When a variety of smoking devices (including water pipes) were compared, specifically examining THC and solid smoke tars, it was found that only vaporizers were capable of achieving reductions in tar relative to THC when compared to direct smoking of cannabis.7,8 A follow‐up study tested a vaporizer that was found to deliver THC while completely eliminating three specific toxins (naphthalene, benzene, and toluene) in the solid phase of the vapor.9 The study also detected a ≥56% reduction in tars and a qualitative reduction in carbon monoxide, but did not test for any other chemicals.10 In a more recent study,11 GC‐mass‐spectrometry was used to analyze the gas phase of vaporized cannabis for a wide range of toxins, particularly concentrating on the highly carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The vaporizer that was used was the Volcano®.12 It consists of a heater, a ventilator, a filling chamber, a valve, and a balloon. During operation the balloon is inflated with hot air and cannabinoid vapors. Using cannabis plant material as the sample, vapors were found to consist overwhelmingly of cannabinoids, while the combusted control contained over one hundred additional chemicals, including several known PAHs.
Although a large variety of vaporizing devices is available on the market, the Volcano is one of the few devices that have been tested scientifically to some extent. It is a herbal vaporizer, intended for the vaporization of whole cannabis plant materials (i.e., flowertops), but numerous unexplored variables could affect the efficiency and output of vaporization. These parameters are variations in temperature; differences in specimen density, weight, content of water and essential oils, and consistency of material in the filling chamber; differences in the variety and potency of cannabis used; and use of different preparations such as crude flowertops, hashish, hash oil, etc. Because of the paucity of data it has so far been difficult to show that the Volcano vaporizer can be used as a reliable tool for the reproducible administration of THC or other cannabinoids. A solution to this would be in the use of pure cannabinoid preparations of known concentration to guarantee an exact and reproducible loading of cannabinoids.
In this study the Volcano vaporizer was evaluated as a novel method for the administration of THC. Pure cannabinoid preparations were used in order to obtain quantitative results in terms of efficiency and reproducibility of THC delivery into the balloon of the Volcano. By changing parameters such as temperature setting, type of evaporation sample, and balloon volume, the vaporization of THC was systematically improved to its maximum yield, while preventing the formation of degradation products. Factors that resulted in loss of THC by condensation, that is, storage time of the balloon and use of the filling chamber, were evaluated. The inter‐device reproducibility of THC vaporization under optimized conditions was determined. Finally, the results of this study were used for the clinical administration of THC by vaporizing. The amount of exhaled THC was determined and compared to the dose, which was inhaled through the Volcano.
Our results indicate that the Volcano is a convenient device for the administration of THC by inhalation.
The Volcano® vaporizer was validated for the efficient and reproducible delivery of delta‐9‐THC, and was found to be able to deliver an average amount of about 54% of applied dose of THC into the balloon for inhalation. THC recoveries from smoke was found to range from 34% to 69% in a variety of studies using different types of smoking procedures.19-21 Because the plant material is not burned in the Volcano, no significant harmful cancer causing combustion products are expected and the noxious intake, when compared to smoking, is greatly reduced.10,11 Using the Volcano device for pulmonary administration of THC, a delivery is reached that is comparable to smoking, but without the presence of degradation products or harmful byproducts in significant amounts.
Loading the Volcano with Cannabis plant material or pure THCA resulted in a residual amount of THCA in the vapor in the order of 5% relative to THC. Not much is known about biological effects or metabolism of THCA, and therefore the use of THCA as sample for intended clinical administration of pure THC should be avoided. Older studies at least indicate that THCA is not psychoactive in monkeys.22 Although in our study cannabis plant material was used only for comparative reasons, it is clear that a variety of cannabinoids and other compounds such as terpenoids are present in the vapor.
With pure THC as the loading sample, temperature setting and balloon volume were optimized for a maximal, reproducible delivery of THC without formation of detectable amounts of degradation products. Using the highest temperature setting together with a balloon volume of 8 L was found to yield optimal results. Balloon volumes over 8 L were not tested because of restraints in the clinical trial protocol. The target temperature of the Volcano was found to be not completely accurate and stable. Possibly this is a contributing factor to the relative variability in the delivery of THC, which was about 15% at setting 9. However, this is reasonable when compared to the variability that has been previously found in smoking studies of cannabis plant material.19 Accuracy of temperature control therefore does not seem to be of crucial importance under these conditions, although a more accurate temperature control might result in an even lower variability in THC delivery.
In the range of 2–8 mg of THC, the delivery was found to be linear with the amount of THC used. Prolonged storage of the balloon before inhalation resulted in an increasing loss of THC by condensation inside the balloon and after 3 h almost no THC could be recovered from the vapor in the balloon. However, if the content was extracted within 5 min after vaporization not more than 2% of THC present was lost. Vaporized THC was visible inside the balloon as a thin gray mist which was absent in placebo balloons, so during the clinical trial balloons had to be blinded with a black plastic cover.
During the clinical administration, it was found that about 35% of total THC was exhaled directly after inhalation and was therefore not absorbed by the lungs. When the efficiency of delivery during vaporizing and incomplete absorption by the lungs is considered, the final administered dose equaled about 6–8 mg of THC of the total amount of 20 mg loaded. The subjective effect upon the subjects seemed to be in accordance with such a dose as described in other papers.So it seems that a final uptake of 30–40% was reached (relative to loaded amount of THC), which is comparable to the efficiency reached by smoking of cannabis.
-Copyright © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
@Myfriendis410 yes you should but if you don’t like it or the wife doesn’t then look at a Mighty or a Crafty. Due to Covid we don’t need a new portable but thats the route we will be going as we use a Boundless CFV before due to it being the cheap version but still being convection method.
@Not2SureYet
@Bulldognuts
@dbrn32
@MattyBear
@Hellraiser
@imSICKkid
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To note this study uses straight THC and compares it to flower but then for the rest of the study it focuses on the straight THC used in the volcano.
They found tjat the highest setting and an 8L bag is the best for administration efficiency.
That being said i have personally used a volcano and the vapor is so thick and harsh at that setting, it also destroys terps so i recommend 5.5 setting personally. The nice this is we as growers dont need it to be ultra efficient because we often grow a fair amount of supply, so enjoy the smoke as much as it is safe for you and dial it back.
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Hey people… I was wondering if you can do anything with the left over vaped material. Anything left for edibles? Hope everyone is well.
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I use my AVB for edibles. I grind it fine and mix it with apple sauce or cottage cheese. Another way is to toast an English muffin, add Peanut Butter. Sprinkle AVB. For dosing i would start with one teaspoon first and adjust from there. Do not, I repeat do not take too much. Start off slow and increase in 10% increments. Everyone is different in dosing and timefame. For example I dose about 1 tablespoon and it takes about an hour to kick in. It lasts about 6 to 8 hours. Have fun 
but remember start slowly.
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Solid advice on dosing
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Already vaped bud or some people say ABV. Already been vaped but that’s also alcohol by volume. Which can confuse some people.
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Thank you… I assumed but you know how that goes!.. LOL
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Good information Nicky. Thanks
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A big factor is whats in your stomach. A small fatty meal before increases the effect for me anyway (fat soluble) 1st thing on an empty stomach is far less effective and as I use for daily medication I am very particular.
Your metabolism is what dictates speed of absorption for me 90mins on the dot. YMMV
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You can add lectin to your coconut oil and it will absorb much better!
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My wife found lecithin capsules which we take at dinner. Edible 2 hours later
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Wait I thought you mix yours in?
I haven’t made oil yet, I dono if I want to or if I want to hold out and rosin press everything followed by making oil after I press it lol.
So. I’ll probably hold onto everything until. The rosin press is here.
Yeah, WHEN I REMEMBER (stoner memory lol)
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@Nicky At what humidity do you vape with your Volcano? My son says to dry the bud out more…I’m at 58% - 60%… then grind, let it sit on a plate for an hour or so, them fill chamber and run it. Does it actually need to be drier than if we smoke it?
Thanks bro…
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