Good question. Let me present to you how I figure it out, and how I handle it. Not sure it will work for you or anyone else, nor am I sure that this is the best advice on environmental conditions for your indoor grow - itās just my advice, so take it for what itās worthā¦ which is the cost to join this forum.
First, I start by using a VPD chart to determine the ranges I would like to hit during the plantās life:
For the plantās life from seed to the flip to 12/12, I pretty much try to keep temperature and humidity in ranges that correspond to the āyellowā squares on the chart. So for seedlings I usually shoot for 75-80F, which generally means 70% RH for proper vapor pressure deficit (VPD). VPD is important - if itās out of whack your plants canāt transpire (breathe) properly, and so how they take up and use water is affected, which in turn affects how they take up nutrients.
Once I hit flower, I start ignoring the VPD chart. For the first month of flower (when I say āflowerā in this case, I mean from when I flip the lights to 12/12 schedule) I generally just try to stay around 50% RH. Until their are real buds stacking up, I generally try to keep VPD close to in line, but RH on the low end of acceptable.
Once I get buds stacking, usually a round a month after the flip, I drop RH to 40-45% if I can, and generally keep it there for the rest of the grow. Lower RH near the end of flower seems to improve trichome production. But more importantly, lower RH can help mitigate issues like bud rot (which I got over the summer on an indoor grow when I let humidity in my tent get too high for a couple of days during late flower).
Typical humidity levels for a cannabis plant (along with other good info) can be found in this ILGM article:
Now, getting RH up in your grow environment can be very challenging, especially in winter. If you are growing in a tent or other enclosed space, then itās generally most efficient (in fact the only way Iāve gotten it to work), to raise humidity in the room where the tent lives, so you are pumping more moist air into the tent to start with. Then, in conjunction with that (in my case I run a whole house console style humidifier outside of my tent, right next to the intake fan), I run a cool mist style humidifier inside the tent. The cool mist humidifier is needed to combat the lights and heater (also in the tent), which evaporate moisture out of the air pretty quickly.